Amakuru y'ikigo

Ifumbire ni ibikoresho by'ibanze mu nganda z'imodoka. Ibice birenga 90% n'ibice bigize imodoka bigomba gukorwa n'ifumbire. Nk'uko bivugwa na Luo Baihui, impuguke mu by'ifumbire, hakenewe ifumbire zigera ku 1.500 kugira ngo hakorwe imodoka isanzwe, muri zo hakoreshwa ifumbire zirenga 1.000 zo gusiga. Mu guteza imbere ifumbire nshya, 90% by'umusaruro w'akazi ukorwa hakurikijwe impinduka z'imiterere y'umubiri. Hafi 60% by'ikiguzi cyo guteza imbere ifumbire nshya gikoreshwa mu guteza imbere ifumbire n'ibikoresho byo gusiga. Hafi 40% by'ikiguzi cyo gukora imodoka ni ikiguzi cyo gusiga ibice no guteranya ifumbire.
Mu iterambere ry’inganda zikora ibumba ry’imodoka mu gihugu no mu mahanga, ikoranabuhanga ry’ibumba ryagaragaje intambwe zikurikira mu iterambere.
1. Uburyo bwo kwigana uburyo bwo gusiga sitampu (CAE) bugaragara cyane
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse rya porogaramu za mudasobwa n’ibikoresho byazo, ikoranabuhanga ryo kwigana (CAE) mu buryo bwo gushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera ririmo kugira uruhare runini. Mu bihugu byateye imbere nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani, n’Ubudage, ikoranabuhanga rya CAE ryabaye igice cy’ingenzi mu gushushanya no gukora ibishushanyo mbonera. Rikoreshwa cyane mu guhanura inenge zo gushushanya, kunoza uburyo bwo gushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera n’imiterere y’ibishushanyo mbonera, kunoza icyerekezo cy’ibishushanyo mbonera, no kugabanya igihe cyo kugerageza ibishushanyo mbonera. Amasosiyete menshi y’imodoka zo mu ngo nayo yateye imbere cyane mu ikoreshwa rya CAE kandi yageze ku musaruro mwiza. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya CAE bishobora kuzigama cyane ikiguzi cy’ibishushanyo mbonera byo kugerageza no kugabanya uruziga rw’iterambere ry’ibishushanyo mbonera byo gushushanya, byabaye uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kwemeza ko ibishushanyo mbonera ari byiza. Ikoranabuhanga rya CAE rigenda rihindura imiterere y’ibishushanyo mbonera kuva ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’ubushakashatsi kugeza ku gishushanyo mbonera cya siyansi.
2. Aho igishushanyo mbonera cya 3D cy'ibumba giherereye harahujwe
Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibumba gifite imiterere itatu ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’ikoranabuhanga rya digitale ry’ibumba, kikaba ari ishingiro ryo guhuza igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibumba, inganda n’igenzura. Ibigo nka Toyota na General Motors byo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byabonye igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibumba gifite imiterere itatu kandi byageze ku musaruro mwiza wo gukoreshwa. Uburyo bumwe bwakoreshejwe mu gishushanyo mbonera cy’ibumba gifite imiterere itatu mu mahanga bukwiye kwitabwaho. Uretse kuba gifasha mu gushyira mu bikorwa inganda zihujwe, igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibumba gifite indi nyungu kuko cyoroshye kugenzura inzitizi kandi gishobora gukora isesengura ry’inzitizi, rikemura ikibazo mu gishushanyo mbonera gifite imiterere ibiri.
Icya gatatu, ikoranabuhanga rya digitale foroma ryabaye icyerekezo gikuru
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, iterambere ryihuse ry'ikoranabuhanga rya digitale mold ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukemura ibibazo byinshi byagaragaye mu iterambere ry'ibinyabiziga by'imodoka. Icyo bita ikoranabuhanga rya digitale mold ni ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rifashwa na mudasobwa (CAX) mu gushushanya no gukora ibinyabiziga. Mu gusesengura uburambe bwatsinze bw'ibigo by'imodoka byo mu gihugu no mu mahanga mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rifashwa na mudasobwa, ikoranabuhanga rya digitale mold mold rikubiyemo ahanini ibi bikurikira: ① Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubushobozi bwo gukora (DFM), ni ukuvuga ko ubushobozi bwo gukora butekerezwaho kandi bugasesengurwa mu gihe cyo gushushanya kugira ngo inzira igende neza. ②Ikoranabuhanga ry'inyongera ryo gushushanya ishusho y'ibinyabiziga, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge ryo gushushanya ishusho. ③CAE ifasha mu gusesengura no gushushanya, guhanura no gukemura ibibazo bishobora kubaho no gushushanya. ④ Simbuza igishushanyo gakondo cy'ibinyabiziga bibiri igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere y'ibinyabiziga by'ibinyabiziga by'ibinyabiziga by'ibinyabiziga by'ibinyabiziga. ⑤Inzira yo gukora ibinyabiziga ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya CAPP, CAM na CAT. ⑥ Iyobowe n'ikoranabuhanga rya digitale, gukemura no gukemura ibibazo bivuka mu igerageza ry'ibinyabiziga no gukora ibinyabiziga by'ibinyabiziga.

Icya kane, iterambere ryihuse ry’imikorere y’imashini zitunganya ibishingwe
Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya ibikoresho n'ibikoresho ni umusingi w'ingenzi wo kunoza umusaruro no kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa. Ni ibisanzwe ko ibigo bigezweho byo gutunganya imodoka bifite ibikoresho bya CNC bifite imbonerahamwe ebyiri z'akazi, ibikoresho bihindura ibikoresho byikora (ATC), sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi yo gutunganya ibikoresho byikora, na sisitemu yo gupima ibikoresho kuri interineti. Gutunganya imibare byateye imbere kuva ku gutunganya ibintu byoroshye kugeza ku gutunganya ibintu byose ku buso bw'imiterere n'ubw'inyubako, kuva ku gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bwihuse n'ubuciriritse kugeza ku gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bwihuse, kandi iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibintu ryihuse cyane.
5. Ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ryo gukata ibyuma ni ryo cyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Ibyuma bikomeye bifite imiterere myiza cyane mu bijyanye n'umusaruro, imiterere yo gukomera kw'imitsi, ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza imitsi, no gufata ingufu, kandi ingano y'ikoreshwa mu modoka ikomeje kwiyongera. Kuri ubu, ibyuma bikomeye bikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi ry'imodoka birimo icyuma gikomeza irangi (icyuma cya BH), icyuma gifite ibice bibiri (icyuma cya DP), n'icyuma gihindura imiterere y'impinduka mu buryo bw'impinduka (icyuma cya TRIP). Umushinga Mpuzamahanga w'Umubiri w'Umucyo Uhambaye (ULSAB) uteganya ko 97% by'imodoka igezweho (ULSAB—AVC) yatangijwe mu 2010 izaba icyuma gikomeye cyane. Igipimo cy'icyuma gikomeye cyane mu bikoresho by'imodoka kizarenga 60%, naho igipimo cy'icyuma gifite ibice bibiri kizaba 74% by'ibyuma by'imodoka. Uruhererekane rw'ibyuma byoroshye rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bya IF ruzaba icyuma gikomeye cyane, naho icyuma gifite ibice bibiri cy'ingufu nke kizaba icyuma gifite ibice bibiri n'icyuma gikomeye cyane. Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma bikomeye cyane ku bice by'imodoka byo mu rugo ahanini rigarukira ku bice by'imiterere n'imitako, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura ibikoresho bikoreshwa ahanini ziri munsi ya 500MPa. Kubwibyo, kumenya vuba ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga irangi ry'ibyuma bikomeye ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi kigomba gukemurwa byihutirwa mu nganda z'imodoka zo mu gihugu cyanjye.
6. Ibikoresho bishya by'ibumba bizatangizwa mu gihe gikwiye
Hamwe n’iterambere ry’imikorere myiza no gukora ibikoresho byo gusiga imashini mu modoka, ikoreshwa rya progressive dies mu gukora ibice byo gusiga imashini mu modoka rizaba rinini cyane. Ibice bigoye byo gusiga imashini mu buryo buhanitse, cyane cyane bimwe mu bice bito n’ibiciriritse bigoye byo gusiga imashini mu buryo buhanitse bisaba amaseti menshi y’ibikoresho byo gusiga imashini mu buryo busanzwe, bigenda birushaho gukorwa na progressive dies. Progressive die ni ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa by’ibimera bigezweho, bigoye mu buryo bwa tekiniki, bisaba ubuhanga bwo gukora neza, kandi bifite uruziga rurerure rwo gukora. Progressive die ikora ahantu henshi izaba imwe mu bicuruzwa by’ingenzi cyane mu gihugu cyanjye.
Icya karindwi, ibikoresho by'ibumba n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubuso bizongera gukoreshwa
Ubwiza n'imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ibihumyo ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ibihumyo, ubuzima bwabyo n'ikiguzi cyabyo. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uretse gukomeza gukoresha ibyuma bitandukanye bikomeye kandi biramba cyane, ibyuma bikonjesha bizimya umuriro, hamwe n'ibyuma bikonjesha bikoresha ifu, ni byiza gukoresha ibikoresho by'icyuma bikozwe mu ibumba mu mahanga binini n'ibiciriritse. Dufite impungenge ku iterambere. Ibyuma bikozwe mu ibumba bifite imbaraga kandi biramba neza, imikorere yabyo yo gusudira, ubushobozi bwo gukora, imikorere yo gukomera kw'ubuso nabyo ni byiza, kandi igiciro kiri hasi ugereranyije n'icyuma gikozwe mu ibumba, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho byo gusiga ibumba mu modoka.
8. Imicungire ya siyansi n'amakuru ni icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ibigo by'ibumba