Amakuru y'Ikigo

Ibishushanyo nibikoresho byibanze byinganda zinganda. Kurenga 90% byibice nibigize mubikorwa byimodoka bigomba gukorwa nuburyo. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Luo Baihui, impuguke mu kubumba, hakenewe imashini zigera ku 1.500 kugira ngo hakorwe imodoka isanzwe, muri yo hakoreshwa imashini zirenga 1.000. Mugutezimbere kwicyitegererezo gishya, 90% yumurimo ukorwa hafi yo guhindura imiterere yumubiri. Hafi ya 60% yikiguzi cyiterambere cyikitegererezo gishya gikoreshwa mugutezimbere umubiri no gutera kashe hamwe nibikoresho. Hafi ya 40% yikiguzi cyo gukora ibinyabiziga nigiciro cyibimenyetso byo guteranya umubiri no guterana.
Mu iterambere ry’inganda zikora ibinyabiziga mu gihugu no hanze yacyo, ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe ryerekanye inzira ziterambere zikurikira.
1. Kwigana uburyo bwo gutera kashe (CAE) biragaragara cyane
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere ryihuse rya software hamwe nibikoresho bya mudasobwa, tekinoroji yo kwigana (CAE) yuburyo bwo gushiraho kashe igira uruhare runini. Mu bihugu byateye imbere nka Amerika, Ubuyapani, n'Ubudage, ikoranabuhanga rya CAE ryabaye igice cya ngombwa mu gushushanya no gukora. Irakoreshwa cyane muguhishurira inenge, kunonosora uburyo bwo gushiraho kashe nuburyo bwububiko, kunoza ubwizerwe bwibishushanyo mbonera, no kugabanya igihe cyo kugerageza. Ibigo byinshi byimodoka zo murugo byateye imbere cyane mugukoresha CAE kandi byageze kubisubizo byiza. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya CAE irashobora kuzigama cyane ikiguzi cyibigeragezo no kugabanya uruzinduko rwiterambere rwikimenyetso, cyabaye uburyo bwingenzi bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge. Tekinoroji ya CAE igenda ihindura buhoro buhoro igishushanyo mbonera kiva mubishushanyo mbonera.
2. Umwanya wibishushanyo mbonera bya 3D byahujwe
Igishushanyo-cyibice bitatu byububiko nigice cyingenzi cyikoranabuhanga rya digitale kandi ni ishingiro ryo guhuza ibishushanyo mbonera, gukora no kugenzura. Ibigo nka Toyota na General Motors yo muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika byabonye igishushanyo mbonera cyibice bitatu kandi byageze kubisubizo byiza. Uburyo bumwe bwakoreshejwe mubishushanyo mbonera bya 3D mumahanga birakwiriye ko tubisobanura. Usibye kuba bifasha mu gushyira mu bikorwa inganda zishyizwe hamwe, igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibice bitatu gifite ikindi cyiza ko cyorohewe no kugenzura ibikorwa kandi gishobora gukora isesengura ry’imikorere, gikemura ikibazo mu bishushanyo mbonera.
Icya gatatu, tekinoroji yububiko bwa digitale yabaye icyerekezo nyamukuru
Mu myaka yashize, iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga rya digitale nuburyo bwiza bwo gukemura ibibazo byinshi byugarije mugutezimbere ibinyabiziga. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya digitale ni ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya mudasobwa cyangwa tekinoroji ifashwa na mudasobwa (CAX) muburyo bwo gukora no gukora. Mu ncamake uburambe bwatsindiye ibigo byimbere mu gihugu no mumahanga mugukoresha tekinoroji ifashijwe na mudasobwa, tekinoroji yububiko bwa digitale ikubiyemo ibintu bikurikira: ① Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibikorwa (DFM), ni ukuvuga ko ibikorerwa bisuzumwa kandi bigasesengurwa mugihe cyateguwe kugirango bigende neza Bya i. TechnologyIkoranabuhanga ryabafasha muburyo bwo gushushanya imiterere, guteza imbere tekinoroji yubuhanga. ③CAE ifasha mu gusesengura no gushiraho kashe yo gushiraho, guhanura no gukemura inenge zishoboka no gushiraho ibibazo. ④ Simbuza ibishushanyo mbonera bibiri-bishushanyo mbonera byuburyo butatu. ProcessUburyo bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bukoresha tekinoroji ya CAPP, CAM na CAT. ⑥ Ukurikije ikoranabuhanga rya digitale, kora kandi ukemure ibibazo bivuka mugikorwa cyo kugerageza ibicuruzwa no gushiraho kashe.

Icya kane, iterambere ryihuse ryo gutunganya ibicuruzwa
Iterambere rya tekinoroji hamwe nibikoresho ni umusingi wingenzi wo kuzamura umusaruro no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Ntibisanzwe ko ibigo byateye imbere byimodoka bifite ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC hamwe nimirimo ibiri ikora, abahindura ibikoresho byikora (ATC), sisitemu yo kugenzura amafoto yo gutunganya byikora, hamwe na sisitemu yo gupima kumurongo. Igenzura ryimibare ryateye imbere kuva muburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya imyirondoro kugeza gutunganya neza imiterere yimiterere nuburinganire bwimiterere, kuva murwego rwohejuru kandi ruto rwihuta kugeza gutunganya byihuse, kandi iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryikora ryihuta cyane.
5.Icyuma gikomeye cyicyuma cyerekana kashe nicyerekezo cyiterambere
Ibyuma bifite imbaraga nyinshi bifite ibimenyetso byiza cyane mubijyanye nigipimo cy’umusaruro, ibiranga gukomera, ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza imbaraga, hamwe no gukwirakwiza ingufu zo kugongana, kandi n’ikoreshwa ry’imodoka rikomeje kwiyongera. Kugeza ubu, ibyuma bikomeye cyane bikoreshwa mugushiraho kashe yimodoka cyane cyane birimo ibyuma bikomeretsa irangi (ibyuma bya BH), ibyuma bibiri (ibyuma bya DP), hamwe no guhindura ibyiciro byatewe nicyuma cya plastike (TRIP ibyuma). Umushinga mpuzamahanga Ultra Light Body Project (ULSAB) uteganya ko 97% by'imodoka igezweho (ULSAB - AVC) yatangijwe mu 2010 izaba ibyuma bikomeye. Ikigereranyo cyibyuma bikomeye byateye imbere mubikoresho byimodoka bizarenga 60%, naho ibyiciro bibiri Ikigereranyo cyibyuma bizaba bingana na 74% byibyuma byimodoka. Icyuma cyoroshye cyoroshye gikoreshwa cyane cyane NIBA ibyuma bizaba ibyuma bikomeye byicyuma, hamwe nicyuma kinini-cyuma-cyuma kizaba ibyuma byicyiciro cya kabiri hamwe nicyuma gikomeye cyane. Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa ryibyuma bifite imbaraga nyinshi kubice byimodoka zo murugo bigarukira gusa kubice byubatswe nimirongo, kandi imbaraga zingirakamaro yibikoresho byakoreshejwe ni munsi ya 500MPa. Kubwibyo, kumenya vuba tekinoroji yo gushiraho kashe ya plaque ikomeye cyane nikibazo cyingenzi kigomba gukemurwa byihutirwa mubikorwa byinganda zimodoka zigihugu cyanjye.
6. Ibicuruzwa bishya bizashyirwa ahagaragara mugihe gikwiye
Hamwe niterambere ryogukora neza no gutangiza ibicuruzwa byashyizweho kashe yimodoka, ikoreshwa ryurupfu rugenda rutera imbere mugukora ibice byerekana kashe yimodoka bizaba byinshi. Ibice bigoye byo gushiraho kashe, cyane cyane bimwe bito n'ibiciriritse binini byo guteramo kashe bisaba ibice byinshi byo gukubita bipfa gukurikiza inzira gakondo, bigenda byiyongera kubipfa bigenda bitera imbere. Gupfa gutera imbere ni ubwoko bwibicuruzwa byubuhanga buhanitse, bigoye mubuhanga, bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse, kandi bifite umusaruro muremure. Imipira myinshi igenda itera imbere izaba imwe mubicuruzwa byingenzi mubihugu byanjye.
Ibikoresho birindwi, ibumba hamwe nubuhanga bwo kuvura hejuru bizongera gukoreshwa
Ubwiza nigikorwa cyibikoresho byububiko nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumiterere, ubuzima nigiciro. Mu myaka yashize, usibye kwinjiza ubudahwema butandukanye bwo gukomera no kwihanganira kwambara cyane imirimo ikonje ipfa ibyuma, flame yazimye imirimo ikonje ipfa ibyuma, hamwe nifu ya metallurgie yakazi ikonje ipfa ibyuma, birakwiye ko dukoresha ibikoresho byicyuma kinini na kashe yo murwego ruciriritse ipfa mumahanga. Uhangayikishijwe niterambere ryiterambere. Icyuma cyitwa Nodular cyuma gifite ubukana bwiza no kwambara, imikorere yacyo yo gusudira, gukora, imikorere yo gukomera hejuru nayo ni nziza, kandi igiciro kiri munsi yicyuma kivanze, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mugushiraho kashe yimodoka ipfa.
8. Gucunga ubumenyi no kumenyesha amakuru nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyibikorwa byububiko