Amakuru y'ikigo

Uko ubukungu bugenda butera imbere, inganda z’ibihumyo zigenda zirushaho gutera imbere, kandi ibisabwa ku bihumyo mu nganda nyinshi bitangiye guhinduka. Icyizere cy’ibihumyo bigezweho ni kinini, kandi icyifuzo cy’ibihumyo bigezweho ni gito. Ariko, igipimo cy’umusaruro mwinshi, uwo hagati n’uwo hasi mu nganda z’ibihumyo mu gihugu cyanjye ntabwo kiringaniye cyane, ibyo bikaba ari bibi cyane ku iterambere ry’inganda z’ibihumyo mu gihugu cyanjye. Hari hakenewe kwihutisha ivugurura ry’imiterere no guteza imbere ibyiciro by’isoko ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo bijyane n’isoko mpuzamahanga.

Kwihutisha ivugurura ry'imiterere y'inyubako

Ugereranyije n'igihe cyashize, urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'ibihumyo mu gihugu cyanjye rwarushijeho kuba rwiza cyane, ariko igipimo cy'umusaruro mwinshi, uwo hagati n'uwo hasi mu nganda zikora ibihumyo mu gihugu cyacu ntabwo kiringaniye cyane, ibyo bikaba bibangamira cyane iterambere ry'inganda zikora ibihumyo mu gihugu cyacu. Nubwo imiterere n'uburyo inganda zikora ibihumyo mu gihugu cyanjye zahindutse cyane mu myaka mike ishize, ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni: ibihumyo biri hagati n'ibyo hejuru, binini, bisobanutse neza, bigoye kandi biramba. Ariko, bitewe n'uko ibihumyo biri hagati n'ibyo hasi mu gihugu cyanjye bikenerwa cyane, igipimo cyo kwihuza cy'ibihumyo biri hagati n'ibyo hejuru kiri munsi ya 60%. Ntabwo bigoye kubona ko bidakwiye.

Bigaragara cyane cyane muri ibi bikurikira: Icya mbere, ibintu bibangamira nk'ibyuma bikozwe mu ibumba; Icya kabiri, urwego rw'ubuziranenge rugomba kunozwa; Icya gatatu, impano z'ibikozwe mu ibumba zigezweho zigomba gutegurwa byihutirwa; Icya kane, kwihutisha umuvuduko wo kuvugurura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu ibumba; Icya gatanu, kongera ishoramari kugira ngo hakomezwe udushya Ubushobozi; Icya gatandatu, guteza imbere ivugurura ry'ibigo bikozwe mu ibumba; Icya karindwi, iterambere ry'amasoko yo mu mahanga rigomba gukongerwamo imbaraga.

Kuzamura urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga mu mikorere

Kubera ko inganda zo hasi, cyane cyane inganda z’imodoka, zishingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo haboneke ibikoresho by’ingenzi n’iby’ingenzi, urukurikirane rw’ibicuruzwa by’ingenzi n’iby’ingenzi bikenewe ku bikoresho bifitanye isano n’ibyo zikora, ahanini bitangwa n’izo sosiyete zizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga zikora ibikoresho by’ingenzi.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, amasosiyete yo mu kabati yakomeje kunoza ikoranabuhanga n'ibicuruzwa by'ibihumyo. Kubwibyo, bimwe mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki cyangwa ibice byakozwe mu injection byatangiye gukwirakwira ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kandi byinjiye neza muri sisitemu y'ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by'inganda zihenze. Basimbuje bimwe mu bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga kandi bakuraho kwishingikiriza kuri byo. Ariko ntawahakana ko bike gusa biri mu masoko mpuzamahanga ahenze.

Dukurikije gahunda y’imyaka itanu ya cumi na kabiri, inganda z’igihugu cyanjye zizaba zigamije guca mu buryo burambuye imiterere y’ibumba nini kandi zinoze za pulasitiki, nk’ibumba za pulasitiki zikoresha imodoka, ibumba za pulasitiki zo mu mazi, n’ibindi. Gusa nidukurikirana buri gihe izi koranabuhanga n’ibicuruzwa bishya bigezweho ntabwo tuzavaho uko ibihe bigenda bihita. Hamwe no kunoza urwego rwa tekiniki rw’inganda z’ibumba mu gihugu cyanjye no kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kw’urwego rw’ibicuruzwa, sisitemu y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa by’inganda zimwe na zimwe mpuzamahanga irushaho kwerekeza ku bigo by’imbere mu gihugu, bizabigira amahirwe n’imbogamizi. Birumvikana ko bitarenze umwaka wa 2015, igipimo cyigenga cyo guhuza ibumba gisabwa n’isoko ry’Ubushinwa kizagera ku kigero kirenga 85%, kandi igipimo cyigenga cyo guhuza ibumba ry’ibumba ry’ipamba n’iry’igiciro cyo hejuru kiziyongera cyane.

Impuguke zimwe zagaragaje ko mu gihe kizaza, inganda z’ibihumyo zo mu gihugu cyanjye zitazakomeza kunoza ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukora gusa, ahubwo zinibanda ku guhindura imiterere y’imbere no kunoza urwego rw’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga. Ahanini imiterere y’ikigo ihinduka hakurikijwe umwihariko, imiterere y’ibicuruzwa ikorwa igana ku bihumyo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, imiterere y’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga iravugururwa, isesengura ry’imiterere y’ibihumyo n’imiterere y’ibice by’imodoka byo hagati n’ibyo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibihumyo bifite imikorere myinshi n’uburyo bwo gutunganya ibihumyo hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya laser mu gushushanya no gukora ibihumyo. Ikoreshwa, gukata vuba, ikoranabuhanga ryo kurangiza no gusiga irangi rihambaye, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho.